įor humans, one type of vertebrate, and other animals that stand on two feet ( bipeds), terms that are used are different from those that stand on four ( quadrupeds). Much of this information has been standardised in internationally agreed vocabularies for humans ( Terminologia Anatomica) and animals ( Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria). Standard anatomical and zoological terms of location have been developed, usually based on Latin and Greek words, to enable all biological and medical scientists, veterinarians, doctors and anatomists to precisely delineate and communicate information about animal bodies and their organs, even though the meaning of some of the terms often is context-sensitive. These allow parties that use anatomical terms, such as anatomists, veterinarians, and medical doctors to have a standard set of terms to communicate clearly the position of a structure.īecause of differences in the way humans and other animals are structured, different terms are used according to the neuraxis and whether an animal is a vertebrate or invertebrate. International organisations have determined vocabularies that are often used as standard vocabularies for subdisciplines of anatomy, for example, Terminologia Anatomica for humans, and Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria for animals. Additionally, for some animals such as invertebrates, some terms may not have any meaning at all for example, an animal that is radially symmetrical will have no anterior surface, but can still have a description that a part is close to the middle ("proximal") or further from the middle ("distal"). The meaning of terms that are used can change depending on whether an organism is bipedal or quadrupedal. As part of defining and describing terms, the body is described through the use of anatomical planes and anatomical axes. This position provides a definition of what is at the front ("anterior"), behind ("posterior") and so on.
The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position.
Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans.
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